[Engine-devel] RFD: API: Identifying vdsm objects in the next-gen API
Adam Litke
agl at us.ibm.com
Thu Nov 29 22:22:43 UTC 2012
On Thu, Nov 29, 2012 at 04:52:14PM -0500, Saggi Mizrahi wrote:
> They are not future proof as the paradigm is completely different. Storage
> domain IDs are not static any more (and are not guaranteed to be unique or the
> same across the cluster. Image IDs represent the ID of the projected data and
> not the actual unique path. Just as an example, to run a VM you give a list
> of domains that might contain the needed images in the chain and the image ID
> of the tip. The paradigm is changed to and most calls get non synchronous
> number of images and domains. Further more, the APIs themselves are
> completely different. So future proofing is not really an issue.
I don't understand this at all. Perhaps we could all use some education on the
architecture of the planned architectural changes. If I can pass an arbitrary
list of domainIDs that _might_ contain the data, why wouldn't I just pass all
of them every time? In that case, why are they even required since vdsm would
have to search anyway?
> As to making the current API a bit simpler. As I said, making them opaque is
> problematic as currently the engine is responsible for creating the IDs.
As I mentioned in my last post, engine still can specify the ID's when the
object is first created. From that point forward the ID never changes so it can
be baked into the identifier.
> Further more, some calls require you to play with these (making a template
> instead of a snapshot). Also, the full chain and topology needs to be
> completely visible to the engine.
Please provide a specific example of how you play with the IDs. I can guess
where you are going, but I don't want to divert the thread.
> These things, as you said, are problematic. But this is the way things are
> today.
We are changing them.
> As for task IDs. Currently task IDs are only used for storage and they get
> persisted to disk. This is WRONG and is not the case with the new storage API.
> Because we moved to an asynchronous message based protocol (json-rpc over
> TCP\AMQP) there is no need to generate a task ID. it is built in to json-rpc.
> json-rpc specifies that the IDs have to be unique for a client as long as the
> request is still active. This is good enough as internally we can have a verb
> for a client to query it's own running tasks and a verb to query other host
> tasks by mangling in the client before the ID. Because the protocol is
So this would rely on the client keeping the connection open and as soon as it
disconnects it would lose the ability to query tasks from before the connection
went down? I don't know if it's a good idea to conflate message ID's with task
ID's. While the protocol can operate asynchronously, some calls have
synchronous semantics and others have asynchronous semantics. I would expect
sync calls to return their data immediately and async calls to return
immediately with either: an error code, or an 'operation started' message and
associated ID for querying the status of the operation.
> asynchronous all calls are asynchronous by nature well. Tasks will no longer
> be persisted or expected to be persisted. It's the callers responsibility to
> query the state and see if the operation succeeded or failed if the caller or
> VDSM died in the middle of the call. The current "cleanTask()" system can't be
> used when more then one client is using VDSM and will not be used for anything
> other then legacy storage.
I agree about not persisting tasks in the future. Although I think finished
tasks should remain in memory for some time so they can be queried by a client
who must reconnect.
> AFAIK Apart from storage all objects IDs are constructed with a single ID,
> name or alias. VMs, storageConnections, network interfaces. So it's not a real
> issue. I agree that in the future we should keep the idiom of pass
> configuration once, name it, and keep using the name to reference the object.
Yes, storage is the major problem here.
> ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Adam Litke" <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > To: "Saggi Mizrahi" <smizrahi at redhat.com>
> > Cc: engine-devel at linode01.ovirt.org, "Dan Kenigsberg" <danken at redhat.com>, "Federico Simoncelli"
> > <fsimonce at redhat.com>, "Ayal Baron" <abaron at redhat.com>, vdsm-devel at lists.fedorahosted.org
> > Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2012 4:18:40 PM
> > Subject: Re: RFD: API: Identifying vdsm objects in the next-gen API
> >
> > On Thu, Nov 29, 2012 at 02:16:42PM -0500, Saggi Mizrahi wrote:
> > > This is all only valid for the current storage API the new one
> > > doesn't have
> > > pools or volumes. Only domains and images. Also, images and
> > > domains are more
> > > loosely coupled and make this method problematic.
> >
> > I am looking for an incremental way to bridge the differences. It's
> > been 2
> > years and we still don't have the revamped storage API so I am
> > planning on what
> > we have being around for awhile :) I think that defining object
> > identifiers as
> > opaque structured types is also future proof. In the future an
> > Image-ng object
> > we can drop 'storagepoolID' from the identifier and, if it makes
> > sense, remove
> > the hard association with a storageDomain as well. The point behind
> > this
> > refactoring is to give us the option of coupling multiple UUID's (or
> > other data)
> > to form a single, opaque identifier.
> >
> > > That being said, if we do choose to make the current storage API
> > > officially
> > > supported I do agree that it looks a bit simpler but for the price
> > > of forcing
> > > the user to construct these objects before sending the request. I
> > > know for a
> > > fact that the engine will just create these objects on the fly
> > > because they
> > > use their own objects to group things logically. This means adding
> > > more work
> > > instead of removing it. Most clients will do that anyway as they
> > > will use
> > > their own DAL to store these relationships.
> > >
> >
> > Thanks for bringing up some of these points. All deserve attention
> > so I will
> > address each one individually:
> >
> > The current API does not yet make an official statement of support
> > for anything.
> > I want to model the current storage API so that the node level API
> > can have the
> > same level of functionality as is currently supported. I am all for
> > removing
> > deprecated functions and redesigning in-place for a reasonable amount
> > of time
> > going forward. In a perfect world, libvdsm-1.0 would release with no
> > mention of
> > storage pools at all.
> >
> > If properly designed, the end-user (including engine) would never be
> > constructing these objects itself. Object identifiers are
> > essentially opaque
> > structures. In order to make this possible, we need to make sure
> > that the API
> > provides all of the functions needed to lookup objects. So far these
> > are:
> >
> > StoragePool: Host.getConnectedStoragePools
> > StorageDomain: Host.getStorageDomains
> > Image: StorageDomain.getImages
> > Volume: StorageDomain.getVolumes / Image.getVolumes
> > VM: Host.getVMList
> > Task: Host.getAllTasks
> >
> > All of the above would return object identifiers.
> >
> > The other case is for creation of new resources. In that case, the
> > create
> > method needs to move to the owning object. The key example is
> > VM.create which
> > should move to Host.createVM. Functions such as Host.createVM could
> > still
> > accept a vmUUID (because I assume engine does want the ability to set
> > this
> > explicitly). However, they should be changed to return either a
> > TaskIdentifier
> > (if the creation is asynchronous) or a *Identifier (eg. VmIdentifier)
> > if the
> > object was created synchronously.
> >
> > All told, I think the net is less work for clients. They will no
> > longer need to
> > model the object associations and relationships because the API will
> > take care
> > of that automatically.
> >
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > From: "Adam Litke" <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > > > To: vdsm-devel at lists.fedorahosted.org
> > > > Cc: engine-devel at linode01.ovirt.org, "Dan Kenigsberg"
> > > > <danken at redhat.com>, "Federico Simoncelli"
> > > > <fsimonce at redhat.com>, "Saggi Mizrahi" <smizrahi at redhat.com>,
> > > > "Ayal Baron" <abaron at redhat.com>
> > > > Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2012 12:19:06 PM
> > > > Subject: RFD: API: Identifying vdsm objects in the next-gen API
> > > >
> > > > Today in vdsm, every object (StoragePool, StorageDomain, VM,
> > > > Volume,
> > > > etc) is
> > > > identified by a single UUID. On the surface, it seems like this
> > > > is
> > > > enough info
> > > > to properly identify a resource but in practice it's not. For
> > > > example, when you
> > > > look at the API's dealing with Volumes, almost all of them
> > > > require an
> > > > sdUUID,
> > > > spUUID, and imgUUID in order to provide proper context for the
> > > > operation.
> > > >
> > > > Needing to provide these extra UUIDs is a burden on the API user
> > > > because knowing
> > > > which values to pass requires internal knowledge of the API. For
> > > > example, the
> > > > spUUID parameter is almost always just the connected storage
> > > > pool.
> > > > Since we
> > > > know there can currently be only one connected pool, the value is
> > > > known.
> > > >
> > > > I would like to move away from needing to understand all of these
> > > > relationships
> > > > from the end user perspective by encapsulating the extra context
> > > > into
> > > > new object
> > > > identifier types as follows:
> > > >
> > > > StoragePoolIdentifier:
> > > > { 'storagepoolID': 'UUID' }
> > > > StorageDomainIdentifier:
> > > > { 'storagepoolID*': 'UUID', 'storagedomainID': 'UUID' }
> > > > ImageIdentifier:
> > > > { 'storagepoolID*': 'UUID', 'storagedomainID': 'UUID',
> > > > 'imageID':
> > > > 'UUID' }
> > > > VolumeIdentifier:
> > > > { 'storagepoolID*': 'UUID', 'storagedomainID': 'UUID',
> > > > 'imageID': 'UUID', 'volumeID': 'UUID' }
> > > > TaskIdentifier:
> > > > { 'taskID': 'UUID' }
> > > > VMIdentifier:
> > > > { 'vmID': 'UUID' }
> > > >
> > > > In the new API, anytime a reference to an object is required, one
> > > > of
> > > > the above
> > > > structures must be passed in place of today's single UUID. In
> > > > many
> > > > cases, this
> > > > will allow us to reduce the number of parameters to the function
> > > > since the
> > > > needed contextual parameters (spUUID, etc) will be part of the
> > > > object's
> > > > identifier. Similarly, any time the API returns an object
> > > > reference
> > > > it would
> > > > return a *Identifier instead of a bare UUID.
> > > >
> > > > These identifier types are basically opaque blobs to the API
> > > > users
> > > > and are only
> > > > ever generated by vdsm itself. Because of this, we can change
> > > > the
> > > > internal
> > > > structure of the identifier to require new information or (before
> > > > freezing the
> > > > API) remove fields that no longer make sense.
> > > >
> > > > I would greatly appreciate your comments on this proposal. If it
> > > > seems
> > > > reasonable, I will revamp the current schema to make the
> > > > necessary
> > > > changes and
> > > > provide the Bridge patch functions to convert between the current
> > > > implementation
> > > > and the new schema.
> > > >
> > > > --- sample schema patch ---
> > > >
> > > > commit 48f6b0f0a111dd0b372d211a4e566ce87f375cee
> > > > Author: Adam Litke <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > > > Date: Tue Nov 27 14:14:06 2012 -0600
> > > >
> > > > schema: Introduce class identifier types
> > > >
> > > > When calling API methods that belong to a particular class, a
> > > > class instance
> > > > must be indicated by passing a set of identifiers in the
> > > > request.
> > > > The location
> > > > of these parameters within the request is: 'params' ->
> > > > '__obj__'.
> > > > Since this
> > > > set of identifiers must be used together to correctly
> > > > instantiate
> > > > an object, it
> > > > makes sense to define these as proper types within the API.
> > > > Then, functions
> > > > that return an object (or list of objects) can refer to the
> > > > correct type.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: Adam Litke <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/vdsm_api/vdsmapi-schema.json
> > > > b/vdsm_api/vdsmapi-schema.json
> > > > index 0418e6e..7e2e851 100644
> > > > --- a/vdsm_api/vdsmapi-schema.json
> > > > +++ b/vdsm_api/vdsmapi-schema.json
> > > > @@ -937,7 +937,7 @@
> > > > # Since: 4.10.0
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'Host', 'name':
> > > > 'getConnectedStoragePools'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['StoragePool']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['StoragePoolIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @BlockDeviceType:
> > > > @@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'Host', 'name': 'getStorageDomains'},
> > > > 'data': {'*storagepoolID': 'UUID', '*domainClass':
> > > > 'StorageDomainImageClass',
> > > > '*storageType': 'StorageDomainType', '*remotePath':
> > > > 'str'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['StorageDomain']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['StorageDomainIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @Host.getStorageRepoStats:
> > > > @@ -2406,7 +2406,7 @@
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'Host', 'name': 'getVMList'},
> > > > 'data': {'*vmList': ['UUID']},
> > > > - 'returns': ['VM']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['VMIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @Host.ping:
> > > > @@ -2744,10 +2744,11 @@
> > > > 'returns': 'ConnectionRefMap'}
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @ISCSIConnection
> > > > ##################################################
> > > > +
> > > > ##
> > > > -# @ISCSIConnection:
> > > > +# @ISCSIConnectionIdentifier:
> > > > #
> > > > -# ISCSIConnection API object.
> > > > +# Identifier for an ISCSIConnection object.
> > > > #
> > > > # @host: A fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) or IP address
> > > > #
> > > > @@ -2757,11 +2758,21 @@
> > > > #
> > > > # @password: #optional The password associated with the given
> > > > username
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'type': 'ISCSIConnectionIdentifier',
> > > > + 'data': {'host': 'str', 'port': 'int', '*user': 'str',
> > > > '*password':
> > > > 'str'}}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > +# @ISCSIConnection:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# ISCSIConnection API object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'ISCSIConnection',
> > > > - 'data': {'host': 'str', 'port': 'int', '*user': 'str',
> > > > - '*password': 'str'}}
> > > > +{'class': 'ISCSIConnection', 'ident':
> > > > 'ISCSIConnectionIdentifier'}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @ISCSIConnection.discoverSendTargets:
> > > > @@ -2777,10 +2788,11 @@
> > > > 'returns': ['str']}
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @Image
> > > > ############################################################
> > > > +
> > > > ##
> > > > -# @Image:
> > > > +# @ImageIdentifier:
> > > > #
> > > > -# Image API object.
> > > > +# Identifier for an Image object.
> > > > #
> > > > # @imageID: The UUID of the Image
> > > > #
> > > > @@ -2788,13 +2800,24 @@
> > > > #
> > > > # @storagedomainID: The UUID of the Storage Domain associated
> > > > with
> > > > the Image
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'Image',
> > > > +{'type': 'ImageIdentifier',
> > > > 'data': {'imageID': 'UUID', 'storagepoolID': 'UUID',
> > > > 'storagedomainID': 'UUID'}}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @Image:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Image API object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'class': 'Image', 'ident': 'ImageIdentifier'}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @Image.delete:
> > > > #
> > > > # Delete the Image and all of its Volumes.
> > > > @@ -2843,7 +2866,7 @@
> > > > # Since: 4.10.0
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'Image', 'name': 'getVolumes'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['Volume']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['VolumeIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @Image.mergeSnapshots:
> > > > @@ -2905,17 +2928,26 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @LVMVolumeGroup
> > > > ###################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @LVMVolumeGroupIdentifier:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# An identifier for a LVMVolumeGroup object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @lvmvolumegroupID: The volume group UUID
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'type': 'LVMVolumeGroupIdentifier', 'data':
> > > > {'lvmvolumegroupID':
> > > > 'UUID'}}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @LVMVolumeGroup:
> > > > #
> > > > # LVMVolumeGroup API object.
> > > > #
> > > > -# @lvmvolumegroupID: #optional Associate this object with an
> > > > existing LVM
> > > > -# Volume Group
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'LVMVolumeGroup',
> > > > - 'data': {'lvmvolumegroupID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +{'class': 'LVMVolumeGroup', 'ident': 'LVMVolumeGroupIdentifier'}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @LVMVolumeGroup.create:
> > > > @@ -2964,21 +2996,32 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @StorageDomain
> > > > ####################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > -# @StorageDomain:
> > > > +# @StorageDomainIdentifier:
> > > > #
> > > > -# StorageDomain API object.
> > > > +# An identifier for a StorageDomain object.
> > > > #
> > > > # @storagedomainID: Associate this object with a new or
> > > > existing
> > > > Storage Domain
> > > > #
> > > > # @storagepoolID: #optional The Storage Pool UUID if this
> > > > Storage
> > > > Domain is
> > > > # attached
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'StorageDomain',
> > > > +{'type': 'StorageDomainIdentifier',
> > > > 'data': {'storagedomainID': 'UUID', 'storagepoolID': 'UUID'}}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @StorageDomain:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# StorageDomain API object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'class': 'StorageDomain', 'ident': 'StorageDomainIdentifier'}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @StorageDomain.activate:
> > > > #
> > > > # Activate an attached but inactive Storage Domain.
> > > > @@ -3184,7 +3227,7 @@
> > > > # Since: 4.10.0
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'StorageDomain', 'name': 'getImages'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['Image']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['ImageIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @StorageDomainRole:
> > > > @@ -3295,7 +3338,7 @@
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'StorageDomain', 'name': 'getVolumes'},
> > > > 'data': {'imageID': 'UUID'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['Volume']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['VolumeIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @StorageDomain.setDescription:
> > > > @@ -3355,15 +3398,26 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @StoragePool
> > > > ######################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @StoragePoolIdentifier:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# An identifier for a StoragePool object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @storagepoolID: Associate this object with a new or existing
> > > > Storage Pool
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'type': 'StoragePoolIdentifier', 'data': {'storagepoolID':
> > > > 'UUID'}}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @StoragePool:
> > > > #
> > > > # StoragePool API object.
> > > > #
> > > > -# @storagepoolID: Associate this object with a new or existing
> > > > Storage Pool
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'StoragePool', 'data': {'storagepoolID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +{'class': 'StoragePool', 'ident': 'StoragePoolIdentifier'}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @StoragePool.connect:
> > > > @@ -3629,7 +3683,7 @@
> > > > ##
> > > > {'command': {'class': 'StoragePool', 'name':
> > > > 'getDomainsContainingImage'},
> > > > 'data': {'imageID': 'UUID', '*onlyDataDomains': 'bool'},
> > > > - 'returns': ['StorageDomain']}
> > > > + 'returns': ['StorageDomainIdentifier']}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @StoragePool.getIsoList:
> > > > @@ -4058,15 +4112,27 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @Task
> > > > #############################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @TaskIdentifier:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# An identifier for a Task object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @taskID: The task UUID
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'type': 'TaskIdentifier', 'data': {'taskID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @Task:
> > > > #
> > > > # Task API object.
> > > > #
> > > > -# @taskID: Associate this object with an existing Task
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'Task', 'data': {'taskID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +{'class': 'Task', 'ident': 'TaskIdentifier'}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @Task.clear:
> > > > @@ -4123,15 +4189,26 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @VM
> > > > ###############################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @VMIdentifier:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# An identifier for a VM object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @vmID: The task UUID
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'type': 'VMIdentifier', 'data': {'vmID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @VM:
> > > > #
> > > > # VM API object.
> > > > #
> > > > -# @vmID: Associate this object with an existing VM
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'VM', 'data': {'vmID': 'UUID'}}
> > > > +{'class': 'VM', 'ident': 'VMIdentifier'}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > # @DriveSpecVolume:
> > > > @@ -5161,9 +5238,9 @@
> > > >
> > > > ## Category: @Volume
> > > > ###########################################################
> > > > ##
> > > > -# @Volume:
> > > > +# @VolumeIdentifier:
> > > > #
> > > > -# Volume API object.
> > > > +# An identifier for a Volume object.
> > > > #
> > > > # @volumeID: The UUID of the Volume
> > > > #
> > > > @@ -5173,13 +5250,24 @@
> > > > #
> > > > # @imageID: The Image associated with @UUID
> > > > #
> > > > -# Since: 4.10.0
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > ##
> > > > -{'class': 'Volume',
> > > > +{'type': 'VolumeIdentifier',
> > > > 'data': {'volumeID': 'UUID', 'storagepoolID': 'UUID',
> > > > 'storagedomainID': 'UUID', 'imageID': 'UUID'}}
> > > >
> > > > ##
> > > > +# @Volume:
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Volume API object.
> > > > +#
> > > > +# @ident: The object identifier
> > > > +#
> > > > +# Since: 4.10.1
> > > > +##
> > > > +{'class': 'Volume', 'ident': 'VolumeIdentifier'}
> > > > +
> > > > +##
> > > > # @VolumeRole:
> > > > #
> > > > # An enumeration of Volume Roles.
> > > >
> > > > --
> > > > Adam Litke <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > > > IBM Linux Technology Center
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
> > --
> > Adam Litke <agl at us.ibm.com>
> > IBM Linux Technology Center
> >
> >
>
--
Adam Litke <agl at us.ibm.com>
IBM Linux Technology Center
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